( Watch In HQ ) Does What it says on the tin, NOTE: for people who dont know how to do this from command prompt, dont rate bad if you knew how to do it, thanks, hope it helps
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Monday, December 26, 2011
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
DOS 6.2: Concepts and Commands
DOS 6.2 Concepts and Commands is the perfect and complete DOS companion. Built around step-by-step tutorials and exercises, the text provides both familiarity with actual keyboard commands and comprehensive discussion and practice.
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Monday, December 12, 2011
Spreadsheets - A Brief History of Spreadsheets and How Excel Got To Be No 1
Spreadsheets have been around for hundreds of years. They were originally manually compiled on large sheets of paper by clerks and accountants to summarise financial or other data in columns and rows for business managers. So how did they get to where they are today?
The first computerised spreadsheet is attributed to Professor Richard Mattesich who, in 1961 developed an "electronic spreadsheet" for use in business accounting. Personal computers (PC's) had not yet been invented, so the Mattesich spreadsheet ran on huge (and hugely expensive) mainframe computers installed by large corporations like AT&T, Bell and General Motors in Canada and the US.
In the early 1970's, microprocessors began to replace the cabinets of circuitry and valves in mainframe computers and the first micro-computers (later called personal computers) came onto the scene. The earliest were in kit form and used by hobbyists and technicians who had to write their own programs in low level machine code, or assembly language. Although the revolution had begun, there was no "easy" interface between a human and a computer, but that was soon to come.
In 1975, two young computer enthusiasts, Paul Allen and Bill Gates, had an extremely ambitious vision, a computer on every desk top and in every home. This duo formed a company named Microsoft (from micro-computer and software) and their plan was to write software that would make micro-computers accessible to the masses.
In 1978, another young computer enthusiast, Dan Bricklin, came up with the idea for a "visible interactive calculator". His first prototype "spreadsheet" contained only five columns and 20 rows, so Dan recruited Bob Franklin to make the program more powerful and hence, more useful. Franklin did just that and compressed the code enough to make it practical for the "visible calculator" to run on a micro-computer. And so was born VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet program for a PC.
In the third quarter of 1978, Bricklin and Franklin were joined by Daniel Fylstra whose marketing skills saw VisiCalc achieve success in the market place and gave incentive to many businesses to invest in what at the time, were expensive micro-computers. During its lifetime, VisiCalc sold about a million copies.
In 1980, IBM contracted Microsoft to write an operating system for its IBM PC. The result was MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) that interfaced between a human and a computer (without having to use machine code) or enabled software like spreadsheets to run. The first IBM PC running MS-DOS was shipped in 1981 and a number of IBM clones, or compatibles, appeared on the market soon after.
VisiCalc was slow to respond to the introduction of the IBM PC with its Intel computer chips and a new, more powerful spreadsheet, Lotus 1-2-3, came onto the market in 1983. 1-2-3 related to the (1) spreadsheet, (2) integrated charting and (3) database capabilities of the program. As well as being a powerful and relatively easy to use calculating tool, Lotus was a data presentation package. Consequently, it became a very popular and very successful spreadsheet application in the business world. In 1985, the Lotus Development Corporation, founded by Mitchell Kapor and Jonathan Sachs acquired and discontinued the use of VisiCalc.
Microsoft released a spreadsheet program called MultiPlan in 1982 for the CP/M operating system and it was subsequently modified to run on Apple, XENIX and MS-DOS operating systems. However, it never gained the popularity or market share of Lotus 1-2-3. In the meantime, Microsoft was working on a new disk operating system and in November, 1985, released Windows Version 1.0. Instead of typing MS-DOS commands, a mouse could be used to point and click on drop-down menus, icons and scroll bars and the now familiar "windows" and dialogue boxes made their first appearance.
The first version of Excel was also released in 1985, but it was for the Apple Mac running Mac OS, not for MS-DOS or the new Windows operating system -- a smart move by Microsoft, because it did not put Excel into direct competition with Lotus 1-2-3 and gave it an advantage. Excel 1.0 running on the Mackintosh with a GUI (Graphical User Interface) had point and click capability, unlike the keyboard driven Lotus 1-2-3 and MultiPlan, and many businesses purchased Macs to take advantage of the easy to use graphics based Excel.
Windows 2.0 was released in December, 1987 and at about the same time the first Windows based version of Excel (v2.0) for PC's was released. It was another three years before Lotus and a spate of other vendors released spreadsheet programs for the Windows operating system and Excel, as Microsoft's flagship program during that period gained popularity. During 1988 Microsoft became the world's leading PC software company based on sales and PC's were beginning to take a serious step towards achieving the Allen/Gates "computer on every desk" vision. Spreadsheets were largely responsible for the rapidly increasing use of desk top computers as a business tool.
Windows 3.0 (1990) and Windows 3.1 (1992) sold 10 million copies in their first two years and Excel 3.0 (for Windows), also released in 1990 proved popular. Although Lotus 1-2-3 maintained a reasonable market share, it had missed the boat by not launching a Windows version and was comprehensively overhauled by Excel 4.0 (1992) which was the first version of Excel to be bundled with Word and PowerPoint under the banner of "Microsoft Office".
Excel 5.0 (1993) was a major upgrade and included multiple worksheets and support for VBA (Visual Basic for Applications, i.e. macros).
1995 saw some significant improvements with the highly publicised release of the 32 bit Windows 95 operating system which sold seven million copies in the first five weeks. Windows 95 was an upgrade to MS-DOS and earlier versions of Windows that between them were running on about 80% of the world's PC's. It featured the first appearance of the Start menu, taskbar and minimize, maximize and close buttons on each window, had built-in Internet support, dial-up networking and plug-and-play capability that made it easy to install new hardware and software. 1995 was also the year the Internet really took off with widespread use of electronic mail (e-mail) and the World Wide Web (information on any subject available at the fingertips of anyone with a connected PC).
Excel, along with other Office 95 programs, was released in a 32 bit version and re-branded as Excel for Windows 95 or simply Excel 95 (this was actually version 7. There was no version 6).
Excel 8.0, known as Excel 97, included a new VBA interface and introduced some new features like user forms and data validation. Versions 9.0 to 11, known as Excel 2000, Excel 2002 and Excel 2003 introduced relatively minor improvements and during this period Windows also went through various evolutionary upgrades with Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows Me (for home computers) and the new look Windows XP (2001). The 64 bit XP version was the first Microsoft 64 bit operating system and offered considerable operating improvements over previous versions.
Windows Vista, released in 2006 and Excel 2007 (version 12) both introduced major changes in both appearance and functionality.
The drop-down text menus from earlier versions of Excel were replaced by icon studded ribbons in Excel 2007, the number of columns increased from 256 to 16,384, the number of rows increased from 65,536 to 1,048,576 (there were only 16,384 rows up to and including Excel 95). Considerable enhancements were made to features like sorting, filtering and conditional formatting and files were saved in a new file format, the Open Office XML format. Enter "new file formats" into the search field of the Excel 2007 Help window for details about the new file format.
In spite of all the changes to Excel 2007, it maintained backward compatibility to previous versions of Excel, i.e. Excel 2007 can be used to open, edit and save.xls files created in earlier versions of Excel.
In October, 2009, Windows 7 (with many new features) was released and soon became the fastest selling operating system in history, selling seven copies per second -- and by this time, laptops were out-selling desk top PC's.
The latest release of Excel was version 14 or Excel 2010 (there was no version 13). It had some new features, but as with several previous versions of Excel, it did not introduce any major changes. And that's where we're at today.
There have been and still are many other spreadsheets, e.g. Excel for Mac (current version Excel for Mac 2011), Microsoft Works Spreadsheet (first released in 1987, version 9 is now available as part of the Works suite of programs - a "budget" version of Microsoft Office with less features, but at a much lower cost), Numbers (part of the Apple iWorks suite), Lotus 1-2-3 (now owned by IBM and currently at version 9.8) and many others.
Computer technology and software development has progressed at a furious rate from the first primitive PC's running "electronic spreadsheets" to what we have today, much of it due to the ambitious vision of those two young computer enthusiasts in 1975, whose spreadsheet now reigns supreme. It could be said, in developed countries at least, that the Allen/Gates vision has been realised.
What next? The mind boggles!
If you would like more information about the history of spreadsheets or Windows, Google for spreadsheet+history, VisiCalc, Lotus 1-2-3, Excel+history or Windows+history. And if you'd like to learn how to use Excel to its full potential, get yourself a good Excel book.
Note: The words Excel, Microsoft, Visual Basic and Windows are Registered Trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries.
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Saturday, December 3, 2011
New Perspectives on Microsoft MS-DOS Command Line :: Brief Enhanced 3RD EDITION
!±8±New Perspectives on Microsoft MS-DOS Command Line :: Brief Enhanced 3RD EDITION
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Saturday, November 26, 2011
New Perspectives on Microsoft Windows 2000 MS-DOS Command Line, Comprehensive, Windows XP Enhanced, 2002 publication
!±8± New Perspectives on Microsoft Windows 2000 MS-DOS Command Line, Comprehensive, Windows XP Enhanced, 2002 publication
Tuesday, November 22, 2011
How to accomplish the archetypal "Hello world!" affairs in old academy assembly.
Method 2: www.youtube.com In this tutorial; I quickly go through the process of creating the classic "Hello world!" program in assembly using MS debug. On the side; I briefly explain each process. If you feel it goes too fast for you; simply pause it (yes, I know the music rocks). If you need more explanation of what a certain thing is; you can check it out the article on assembly on Wikipedia. Be sure to look at the resources at the bottom of the page as they are more useful. You may even want to see the FASM Programmer's manual @ flatassembler.net Of course, you can always Google "assembly tutorial" and find out what registers and interrupts are. I know, these tutorials are hardly decent. If anyone out there knows assembly well; make a good tutorial either in video or article form. For those of you who want my custom command prompt; copy this into notepad: @echo off break off Title Tony's Command Prompt color 0a cls echo Type "home" any time to go to the current user profile directory. echo Type "desktop" any time to go to the current user desktop. echo. echo Type help to see list of common commands like cd, rd, md, del, echo ren, replace, copy, xcopy, move, attrib, tree, edit, and cls. echo Type [command]/? for detailed info. echo. pause cls :cmd echo Directory: %CD% set /P CMD=Command: if "%CMD%" == "cls" goto cls if "%CMD%" == "home" goto home if "%CMD%" == "desktop" goto desktop if "%CMD%" == "red" goto red if "%CMD%" == "green" goto green %CMD% echo. goto cmd :cls ...
Wednesday, November 16, 2011
How to Enable Regedit in Windows
In this brief article, we'll be discussing how to enable regedit in Windows. regedit.exe or regedit32.exe can be used in both Windows and real mode MS-DOS to edit the registry. Before we get started, remember that it is important to always backup your registry before editing it.
The Windows registry is actually a database that stores all of your operating system settings. In addition to this, the registry also tracks kernel operation and exposes runtime data such as currently active hardware and performance counters.
The registry consists of two important things, keys and values. Keys are very similar to folders on your computer and they contain subkeys. Values contain data and are stored within keys.
Having said all of that, the first thing that you'll need to do to enable regedit is click on Start, then Run. In the command box, type the following:
REG add HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System /v DisableRegistryTools /t REG_DWORD /d 0
After hitting "OK", you will be presented with a prompt asking if you want to overwrite the DisableRegistryTools value. Choose "Yes", then hit enter.
Next, type the following command into the command box:
REG add HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System /v DisableRegistryTools /t REG_DWORD /d 0
After you're finished, hit "Enter" and answer "Yes" to the next prompt you're presented with.
Hopefully this short article has helped you enable regedit on your Windows machine. Manually editing the Windows registry is not for the feint of heart, and you should only attempt to do so if you're experienced with such matters. For most users, downloading a registry cleaning and editing program is safer and highly recommended.
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Saturday, November 12, 2011
FreeDOS
Before September 1995, Microsoft Windows was an MS-DOS program. DOS was an easy to use command line operating system that provided you with complete ability to control and troubleshoot your computer. Microsoft's goal was to eliminate DOS, possibly to prevent you from having complete control of your own computer.
The last stand-alone version of MS-DOS was version 6. Unfortunately, that version is not Y2K compliant. Windows 95 and later came with MS-DOS version 7. Unfortunately, that version is too integrated with the operating system. It will not work without access to your hard disk.
FreeDOS is a PC compatible Y2K compliant DOS that you can download from http://www.freedos.org. FreeDOS fits on a single floppy disk and can be used to boot your computer. Download and unzip the file odin7bin.zip (756KB). Unziping will create the files diskcopy.exe and fdodin07.144. Put a blank formatted floppy disk in the drive. In the Start | Run dialog box, or at a command prompt type "diskcopy fdodin07.144 a:" to create a bootable FreeDOS floppy disk.
Why would you want to boot your computer with DOS? Maybe you want to use Windows XP without product activation.
First make sure that the BIOS boot sequence on your computer is configured with the floppy drive as the first boot device (or at least before the C: drive). To get to the BIOS configuration screen, press the "Delete" or "F2" key (depending upon your BIOS) while your computer is starting.
Insert the FreeDOS floppy disk in the floppy drive and start the computer. At the A:>_ prompt type DATE. FreeDOS will return your computer's current date, along with a prompt to enter a new date. Enter the date that you installed Windows XP (or at least a date before the 30 day expiration date). Remove the FreeDOS floppy disk and restart your computer.
Note: This will only work if Windows XP has never been started after the 30 day expiration date. The first time Windows XP is started after the 30 day expiration date will be the last time it starts.
Every time you start your computer, start it first with FreeDOS and reset the computer's date to the date that you installed Windows XP. Windows XP will think time has come to a standstill.
Note: Of course, Your file creation and last modified dates will not be correct, so this is not really a way for a serious user to bypass Windows XP product activation. However for certain purposes, like learning the Windows XP operating system, this can be a way to use Windows XP without product activation.
Microsoft should have made the expiration period much longer than 30 days. Maybe they want you to activate Windows XP before it crashes.
Permission is granted for the below article to forward, reprint, distribute, use for ezine, newsletter, website, offer as free bonus or part of a product for sale as long as no changes are made and the byline, copyright, and the resource box below is included.
Wednesday, November 9, 2011
MS Dos - basal 5 charge apperceive commands - How to DOS -pt1 of 2
MS Dos - basic 5 must know commands - How to DOS - recorded for educational purposes. I opened a new channel www.youtube.com/morozacademy , visit it and subscribe. It will be a channel about Technology and Informational Technologies How To. This is a part 1 out of 2. Make sure to watch part 2.
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Saturday, November 5, 2011
Create a Compound Interest Calculator in Perl
Open a text editor, for example, NotePad, and enter the following lines of code:
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
print "Monthly deposit: "; # prompt for input
$deposit=; # get input from keyboard
chomp $deposit; # remove the newline character from the end of the variable
print "Interest rate (3, 4, 5.5, etc): "; # prompt for input
$interest=; # get input from keyboard
chomp $interest; # remove the newline character from the end of the variable
# Change interest from 3, 4, 5, etc to .03, .04, .05, etc
$interest=$interest*.01;
# Change interest to a monthly multiplier
$interest=$interest/12;
print "No of months: "; # prompt for input
$nMonths=; # get input from keyboard
chomp $nMonths; # remove the newline character from the end of the variable
# The interest calculation
$total=$deposit * (((1 + $interest) ** $nMonths) -1 ) / $interest;
print "After $nMonths months you will have a total amount of $total";
(Note: the spaces on either side of STDIN are for display purposes only in this article. In your script, you can omit them.)
Save the script as interest.pl. Make a note of the directory/folder where you have saved it.
Running the script
You need to run the script from a command line prompt, so open a terminal window/MS-DOS prompt. Change to the directory/folder where the interest.pl file is located, and type the following command:
perl interest.pl
When prompted, enter the monthly deposit, interest rate, and the number of months that the money is deposited.
Error messages
If the script did not work, you probably received one of the following error messages:
'Bad command or filename' or 'command not found'. This means that Perl has not been added to the PATH variable. See your operating system help/documentation for information on how to fix this problem.'Can't open perl script interest.pl: A file or directory does not exist'. This probably means that you are not in the folder/directory where you saved the script, in which case you should change to the correct location.If you get a syntax error, it probably means you have mis-typed the contents of the file. Open the file and fix any mistakes.
Wednesday, November 2, 2011
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